Tips Blokir Situs Porno dengan DNS Nawala

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb

Kali ini saya akan menulis artikel tentang Pornografi. Jangan berfikir yang negatif dulu sahabat sekalian, karena disini saya akan mencoba berbagi tips cara memblokir situs porno dengan DNS Nawala. Jika yang belum tahu apa itu DNS Nawala, saya akan jelaskan berikut.

DNS Nawala adalah layanan DNS yang bebas digunakan oleh pengguna akhir atau penyedia jasa internet untuk mendapatkan akses internet bersih dan aman. DNS Nawala melakukan penapisan situs-situs berkandungan negatif yang tidak sesuai dengan norma kesusilaan dan budaya Indonesia, seperti situs berkandungan pornografi atau perjudian. Selain itu DNS Nawala juga menapis situs-situs yang berbahaya dan melanggar aturan perundangan, seperti situs penipuan, malware dan phising.

IP DNS Nawala adalah

Preferred DNS Server : 180.131.144.144
Alternate DNS Server : 180.131.145.145

Lalu bagaimana cara memasukan DNS Nawala Project untuk digunakan dikomputer bapak/ibu sekalian sehingga bisa mengamankan anak-anaknya dari konten-konten negatif? mari kita simak cara menggunakan DNS Nawala Project di komputer bapak/ibu. IP DNS Nawala Project adalah : Preferred DNS Server : 180.131.144.144 Alternate DNS Server : 180.131.145.145 Read more at: http://www.azrut.com/2012/12/cara-blokir-situs-porno-untuk-keamanan.html Copyright and Protected by DMCA since 2012 Alright Reserved by www.TanpaSEO.com Terima kasih sudah berkenan untuk menyebarkan artikel ini

Langsung saja disini saya akan langsung jelaskan langkah-langkah blokir situs porno menggunakanDNS Nawala

Preferred DNS Server : 180.131.144.144 Alternate DNS Server : 180.131.145.145 Read more at: http://www.azrut.com/2012/12/cara-blokir-situs-porno-untuk-keamanan.html Copyright and Protected by DMCA since 2012 Alright Reserved by www.TanpaSEO.com Terima kasih sudah berkenan untuk menyebarkan artikel ini

Jika semua petunjuk di atas telah dilakukan dengan benar, maka akses ke situs-situs yang terblokir akan menampilkan halaman berikut:

Sekian tips bagaimana cara blokir situs porno, semoga dapat bermanfaat untuk mengurangi pornografi di Indonesia dan semoga kita sebagai generasi muda dapat menjauhi segala bentuk yang berbau pornografi. Sampai jumpa ditulisan saya yang berikutnya.
Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb

How to Learn Japanese

Welcome to my site for learning Japanese! Here you will find a wealth of information that will help you learn Japanese free online. If you're looking for the old homepage, you can find it at: http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar or via the navigation links at the top of the page. If you like this site, please press the +1 button on the right sidebar and/or add a link back to this page with the phrase "learn Japanese".

So you want to learn Japanese

Ok, I'm not going to go into all the reasons why Japanese is such a fun and rewarding language to learn because you're already here and interested in learning it. If you're still undecided or afraid that it's too hard, don't be! It can be one of the easier languages to learn in ways that will surprise you. So here's what you need to do to teach yourself Japanese and how to do it by using this site.

Learn Hiragana (the Japanese "alphabet")
Learn vocabulary (with Kanji) and grammar
Practice listening, speaking, reading, and writing
Learn Katakana (the "alphabet" for foreign words)
Learn how to use various tools such as online dictionaries
Repeat steps 2 and 3 with progressively more advanced topics

The ABCs of Japanese

Just like how you would start learning English by learning the ABCs, you should first start by learning the basic writing system for Japanese called Hiragana. Learning Hiragana will also teach you how to pronounce all the sounds in the language.
These short and simple videos should help you get started.

Vocabulary and grammar

This site has two guides to aid you on your way to full Japanese fluency with no compromises. This means you'll learn it as it's spoken in the real world including all the parts that are skipped in most textbooks because it's not considered to be "polite".

The Complete Guide to Japanese

If you're new to learning Japanese, I recommend you start with the Complete Guide to Japanese. This guide avoids long and complicated explanations and teaches you essential grammar and vocabulary through examples, interesting dialogues, and suggestions for practical applications. Though it's still a work in progress, the first five chapters are essentially done. Feel free to give me a shout if you get near the end and find that it's still not finished.

Guide to Japanese Grammar

If you are taking Japanese classes and you want to get a better understanding of how things work, the Guide to Japanese Grammar is designed to supplement your studies and give you a solid understanding of the grammatical structure of Japanese. It thoroughly explains Japanese grammar by starting with the most fundamental ideas and building upon it layer by layer. It is much easier to understand than a traditional Japanese class which will likely skip straight to the polite forms without explaining where they come from.
The grammar guide is also available as an iOS app.

Resources and Tutorials

Achieving full fluency of a language requires not just learning the language but regularly applying what you learned by listening, speaking, reading, and writing. There are many online tools such as online dictionaries that will help you read and watch Japanese books, comics, and movies. There are also sites that will help you connect with native Japanese speakers for language exchange as well as help with correcting your writing.

How to learn HTML

How to create HTML files:
You only need to know a few HTML commands (tags) to create files to "put up" on the Web. It's nice to know that these files can be created with Microsoft Word® or any other word processing program for that matter. The only catch is that you must save them as text files and give them an HTML (or HTM for PC computers) extension (i.e., aatg.html or aatg.htm). The .html or .htm extension tells your web browser that these are documents created for the Web.
Necessary HTML Tags
(note that upper-case/lower-case is not important)
The "guts" of every HTML file must look like this:
<html>
<head>
<title>Document's name which appears in the heading, not on the page</title>
</head>
<body>Type in the information you want to appear on the page here
</body>
</html>
Within the <body> tag (command), you may use other HTML tags to add images and/or sounds, link your page to other pages (URLs) on the Web, highlight your text by bolding or italicizing it, or change font size. Note that all tags must be invoked by typing the tag between two brackets (i.e., <body>). Type the tag in brackets again with a slash in front of if (i.e., </body>) to negate the effect.
Basic HTML commands
(to use within the <body> of the file):

<p>text you type in</p>
Creates paragraphs (one space between lines is created)

<i>text you type in</i>
Italicizes text between commands

<b>text you type in</b>
Bolds text between commands

<blockquote>text you type in </blockquote>
Puts text you're quoting into web document--text will be indented

<pre>text you type in</pre>
Retains format/indentation of text entered

<strong>text you type in</strong>
Also bolds text between tags

<center>text you type in</center>
Centers text between commands

<blink>text you type in</blink>
Text between commands flashes

<font size=7>text</font>
Changes size of text--7 is biggest font available and 1 is the smallest (single-spaced)

<h1>

text you type in

</h1>
Text appears in biggest font available (double-spaced)

<h6>

text you type in

</h6>
Text appears in smallest font available

There are <h2> through <h5> tags available for font sizes between <h1> and <h6>--experiment with the sizes that work best for you.
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
To create background colors/patterns
There are web sites where you can find the code (e.g., #FF0000=red) for background/text colors: Backgrounds
<body background="small.gif">
There are many web sites with background images (e.g., "small.gif") free for the taking. Three of my favorites can be found at:
Background Images I
Background Images II
Background Images III As URLs are frequently updated/changed, check these addresses periodically to make sure they still exist!
You can also copy a background image that you see used on a web page--but only if you are using a PC (you press down on the right side of the mouse and save the background image in the appropriate place!).
<body text="#FF0000">
This will change the color of all text in the document to red
<font color="#FF00FF">
This will change the color of what you type here to magenta</font>

Creating Lists UNORDERED LIST
<ul>
<li>This is the tag for creating an unordered list
<li>Each thing you type after the <li> tag will appear next to a bullet on the web page
<li>This text will appear next to the third bullet--bullets are indented
</ul>
ORDERED LIST
<ol>
<li>This is the tag for creating an ordered list
<li>Each thing you type after the <li> tag will appear next to a number on the web page
<li>This text will appear next to the number "3" on the web page
</ol>
DESCRIPTIVE LIST (useful for creating bibliographies, for instance)
<dl>
<dt>Tag for creating the first title of your descriptive list
<dd>This is the first item under the first title of the list--it will be indented
<dd>Another item in the list under the same title--it will also be indented
<dt>This is the second title in your descriptive list
<dd>This is the first indented item under the second title in your descriptive list
</dl>
Note that you may "nest" lists -- i.e., create an unordered list within an ordered list, etc.

Creating Tables
You may find it useful to include tables on your web page. Below are a few very basic tags for creating tables.
<table border>This is the tag for creating a table
<tr>This is the tag for a table row
<td>This is the tag for a cell (box) within a row</td>
<td>You may want to have two or more cells in each table row.</td></tr>
<tr>This is the tag for the second table row
<td>This is the tag for the first cell (box) in the second row</td>
<td>This is the second cell (box) in the second row</td>
</tr> </table>
Other HTML tags can be used within each cell to format your text. At some point you might want to have more control over the border or spacing of your tables. See one of the numerous tutorials on the Web. Do a search and enter the key words "HTML tutorial."
<hr> Puts a "shadow" line on the web page

<br>Type at end of a line to initiate line break (i.e., this is like a carriage return)
Note that there are no "end" tags (i.e., no </hr> or </br>) with these tags.

Creating Links
<a href="http://www.aatg.org">AATG Homepage</a>
Type a URL or file to which you wish to link between the quotes! In this example "AATG Homepage" will appear in blue or in another color on the web page, thus signifying that there is a hypermedia link here!
Example: <a href="http://www.mtholyoke.edu">Mount Holyoke College</a>
The text which will appear in blue on the web page is: "Mount Holyoke College"
If you click on it, you will automatically be sent to Mount Holyoke's homepage!
To create a link to an E-mail address:
<a href="mailto: dvanhand@mhc.mtholyoke.edu">Donna Van Handle</a>
(If you click on Donna Van Handle, an E-mail form pops up)

IMAGES

<img src="MHCSeal.gif">
Typing the tag above will put an image called "MHCSeal.gif" on your web page. You have either created the image yourself or copied it from a page on the Web (more on this below). By the way: GIF stands for "Graphics Interchange Format" and JPEG stands for "Joint Photography Exchange Group."
You can copy images you see on other web pages by placing the mouse on the image and pressing down. A box with various options, one of which is saving the image, will pop up on the screen. Save it as a file and you can then incorporate it (the image) into your own HTML file! There are also many icon/image sites on the Web. Three of the better archives (IMHO) are:
Image Archive I
Image Archive II
Image Archive III
If you are unable to find an image here (including animated gifs!), then you should do a search on the Web to access countless additional sites where nice people have collected images for you to use on your web pages! Be sure to give the necessary credit to the person who created the image (this is certainly the polite thing to do--> netiquette!).
By the way: you may also view other people's HTML code by accessing "document source" under "view" on the browser menu You can then highlight, copy, and paste code into your own HTML file so that your page will do the same neat things that someone else's does.
To center an image on your web page (without accompanying text):
<center><img src="mhc.gif"></center>
If you wish to align text with images or graphics on your web page (see above example with MHC image!), there are several tags you may use:
<font size=2>Your text goes here</font><img src="MHCSeal.gif" align=right>
You can substitute top, bottom, left or middle for right, and your text and image will be displayed accordingly. Note that some of your text may be displaced depending on the size of the font or image you have chosen.

Sound Files
You can also link sound files to your web page. You can either record your own sound file (using a program like SoundEdit®--see example 1), or link to a sound file at another web site (see example 2).
Example 1: This is a <a href="willkommen.au"> greeting</a> in German!
Example 2: Another <a href="http://www.dfki.uni-sb.de/imedia/herzog/noise/willkommen.au"> German greeting!</a>
To find sounds in German to which you can link, go to the following site
(http://de.altavista.com/searchaud?stype=saudio) and conduct a search for the word or words you would like to include on your page. Be sure that you have the appropriate plug-in available to play the sound files! If you are using Netscape 3.0® or higher, most of the appropriate plug-ins are already installed.

Foreign Characters
You'll need to type in a special HTML code to generate German characters. For instance, if you want können to appear on the web page, you have to type the word (within an HTML file) like this--> können
The character set codes for German are:
Ä = Ä (ORÄ)
ä = ä (OR ä)
Ö = Ö (OR Ö)
ö = ö (OR ö)
Ü = Ü (OR Ü)
ü = ü (OR ü)
ß = ß (OR ß)
As mentioned before, after you've generated your HTML file, save it as a text only file and give it a name like "aatg.html" (if you're using a Macintosh) or "aatg.htm" (if you're using a PC). DON'T FORGET THE HTML or HTM EXTENSION! Now you're ready to put your file(s) on the Web!!! There are different protocols for doing this. Check with your Internet service provider or with the technology specialist at your school.
The HTML tags I've described here are REALLY the most basic and important ones you need to know right now. Anything more fancy you need to do can probably be done in HTML. For a more comprehensive overview of HTML (including the fancy stuff), do a search to find one of the many tutorials on the Web. A good tutorial can be found at: http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/authoring/html_basics/

Advanced Features: Frames and Forms
FRAMES: If you want to "divide" a web page into "sections" or windows, some of which will remain permanently in place and others that are linked to other HTML files or sites on the Web, you will have to learn how to create frames. Let's look at a sample HTML file which will generate frames:
<html>
<head>
<title>Practice with Frames</title>
</head>
<frameset rows= "30%, 70%">
<frame src= "frames2.html">
<frameset cols="30%, 70%">
<frame src= "frames1.html">
<frame src= "homepage.html" name="window1">
</frameset></frameset>
</html>
Above is the code for an HTML file I have named "frames.html." Embedded in the file "frames.html" (which is the name of the entire web page), you can see that there are two HTML files (called "frames1.html" and "frames2.html"). One of the frames (windows) is linked to a file called "homepage.html." This means that "homepage.html" will appear in the frame I have named "window1." It may be easier if you see a graphic display of this page:

frames2.html
f r a m e s1. h t m l	This is called "window1"

Here you see that the web page is divided into three different sections--there are two frames, each of which is a separate HTML file ("frames1.html" and "frames2.html"); "window1" is the name I have given to the frame where the targeted URL will appear. This web page is also divided into 2 rows (row 1 is where "frames2.html" resides; row 2 is where "frames1.html" and "window1" reside). There are also two columns in row 2. In column 1 we find "frames1.html" and in column 2 we find "window1." The 1st row represents 30% of the page and the 2nd row represents 70% of the page--thus, we have the tag <frameset rows="30%, 70%"> in the HTML code for the file "frames.html." The 1st column (in row 2) represents 30% of the page and the 2nd column (in row 2) represents 70% of the page--thus, we have the tag <frameset cols="30%, 70%"> in the HTML code for the file (page) "frames.html." Although I have chosen to divide the page this way, you can use other percentages (40%, 60% OR 50%, 50%, etc.) depending on how you want the page to look and how big you want your rows and columns to be.
The HTML files ("frames1.html," "frames2.html" and "homepage.html") can contain any HTML tags you wish. The nice thing about using frames is that you can keep the same text in one or two of the frames and have the contents of the third frame (in this example: "window1") change.
Let me explain how I used frames to create a web page to display my class web sites. In the HTML file I've called "frames2.html," I will keep the same text year after year. The text I have put in this file is: Deutschkurse im Netz. In the HTML file I have called "frames1.html," I listed the titles of my class web sites. What I have done is to link the names of the courses listed in "frames1.html" to the course web site--i.e., when I click on Deutsch 103, which is listed in "frames1.html," the course web site automatically appears in "window1." Let's take a look at the source code for "frames1.html" so that you can see what I did:
<html>
<head>
<title>frames1.html</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="FF00FF">
<h3><ul>
<li><a href="http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/germ/courses/german103/germ103.html" target= "window1">Deutsch103</a>
<p></p>
<li><a href="http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/germ/courses/german209/dvhj12.html" target= "window1">Deutsch 209</a>
</body>
</html>
In "frames1.html" two of my class web sites are listed: Deutsch 103 and Deutsch 209. If you click Deutsch 103, "homepage.html" will disappear and the web site for that course (i.e., the URL listed previously) will pop up in "window1." If you then click on Deutsch 209, the web site for that course will pop up in "window1." That's all there is to FRAMES! If you have a good use for them, frames can be a life saver! You can also use frames to add some interactivity to your web site--i.e., you can have a question appear in one frame, then the answer in another frame. Remember that you can only display frames if you are using Netscape 2.0® or higher!

FORMS Another way to add some interactivity to your web site without using frames or learning CGI scripting, you can use HTML tags to design various types of forms. For a very good tutorial on how to create a number of different forms, check out the following site:
Form Tutor

How to Study English Effectively

There are many ways to study English, but many students ask which is the most effective. Unfortunately, I don't think there is a single answer that is right for every student. However ... I can certainly give advice. Here are some helpful guidelines as to how to study that should help.

Warming-up to Study English
Just as there are exercises to help you warm up before you play some basketball or other sport, there are exercises which can help you warm up to study English. Here are some simple exercises to help you warm up.

Study English I: Activating Your Vocabulary
Activate your vocabulary by thinking or speaking briefly about the subject you are about to work on. For example, if you are going to study English on topics that focuses on vacations, take a moment to think about your last vacation, what you did, what you enjoyed, etc. This simple exercise will help your brain warm-up to vocabulary that you are likely to encounter as you study English about this particular subject.
Study English II: Activating Your Grammar
Activate your grammar by thinking about the general grammar area before you begin to study. For example, if you are going to study English grammar focusing on the past, stop to think about what you did last weekend, where you went, etc. to help activate what you already understand about using the past. As with activating vocabulary, you'll help your brain bring up what it knows about the past simple in an easy way before you begin to focus on studying English grammar in detail.
Study English III: Singing a Song
Before class begins, or before you sit down to study English sing a song in English to yourself. Make sure to use a song that you understand and know very well. This short and fun exercise will help your brain focus on the English language in a relaxing manner. It's important to be relaxed when you study English! Singing a song also helps activate the creative side of your brain which can help you come up with more examples as your practice conversation or do some creative writing.
Study English IV: Typing a Short Paragraph in English
If you going to study English at your desk, begin by typing a simple paragraph in English. You can type about your day, your hobbies, your friends, etc. Anything will do. Typing helps activate the kinetic part of your brain that helps improve learning through physical activity. I also recommend typing while you study your English grammar. This will help solidify your knowledge with movement.
Study English V: A Thousand Words ...
As the saying goes in English: A picture is worth a thousand words. Help activate the creative side of your brain by trying to describe a photo or other image. You can combine use this also to activate your vocabulary by choosing a picture that has something to do with the subject your are going to study in English.

Study English - Tips for Success Here are some tips for success to help you as you study English.

Study English Every Day
It's important to study English every day. However, don't exaggerate! Study for thirty minutes every day instead of two hours once a week. Short, steady practice is much better for learning than long periods on an irregular basis. This habit of studying English every day will help keep English in your brain fresh.
Study English Using Different Methods to Learn Don't just use one way to study English. Use a variety of methods which will help all the parts of your brain (multiple intelligences) help you. For example, if you are learning new vocabulary, create a word map, describe a picture, make a list and study that, type out the words five times. All of these methods together help to reinforce your learning.
Study English by Finding some Friends
There is nothing like having a few friends to study English together. You can practice the exercises together, have conversations together (in English!), and, as you study English together, help each other with exercises you may not understand.
Study English by Choosing Topics that Interest You One of the most important things to do is to study English using topics that you like. This will help motivate you because you will also be learning about a topic you find interesting while you study English.

PERAN DAN FUNGSI FAKTOR BIOTIK DALAM EKOSISTEM

1. PERAN DAN FUNGSI FAKTOR BIOTIK DALAM EKOSISTEM

Berdasarkan peran dan fungsinyadalam ekosistem, faktor biotik terdiri dari: produsen, konsumen, pengurai, dan detritivora.

a.) Produsen: adalah mahluk hidup yang membuat makananya sendiri, yang di sebut juga autotrof. Mahluk hidup yang berperan sebagai produsen adalah tumbuhan hijau (berklorofil) yang mampu melakukan fotosintesis dengan bantuan sinar matahari. Hasil fotosintesis adalah gula. Kemudian gula di ubah menjadi karbohidrat, selain itu juga diubah menjadi bahan organik lain, seperti lemak, protein, selulosa, dan vitamin.

b.) Konsumen: adalah mahluk hidup yang tidak dapat membuat makananya sendiri, yang disebut juga heterotrof. Berdasarkan asal makananya koonsumen dibagi atas konsumen tingkat 1, konsumen tingkat 2, konsumen tingkat 3 dan seterusnya.

. konsumen tingkat 1 mendapat makananya langsung dari produsen, misalnya kuda dan sapi.

. konsumen tingkat2 mendapat makananya dari konsumen tingkat 1, misalnya harimau, ular dll.

. konsumen tingkat3 mendapat makananya dari konsumen tingkat 2.

Konsumen puncak adalah konsumen teryinggi dan tidak ada yang dapat memakanya.

c.) Pengurai (dekomposer): adalah mahluk hidup yang bertugas menguraikan sisa-sisa mahluk hidup yang sudah mati. Pengurai atau dekomposer ini yang memungkinkan tersedianya unsur hara. Yang tergolong dekomposer misalnya adalah jamur dan bakteri pengurai.

d.) Detritifora: adalah mahluk hidup yang memperoleh makanan dari sisa-sisa organik mahluk hidup, seperti sampah, kotoran hewan, dan bangkai. Yang termasuk detritifora misalnya adalah cacing, siput, dan kaki seribu.

2. INTERAKSI DALAM EKOSISTEM

Setiap mahluk hidup tergantung pada lingkunganya yang terdiri dari lingkungn biotik dan abiotik. Interaksi suatu indifidu dengn komponen biotik lainya dalam hal makan dan dimakan dapat di gambarkan dalam suatu rantai makanan, jaring-jaring makanan, dan piramida makanan.

a.) Rantai Makanan: adalah peristiwa makan dan dimakan dengn urutan tertentu yang memungkinkan terjadinya perpindahan energi dari mahluk hidup satu ke mahluk hidup yang lain. Contohnya: padi - tikus – ular – musang .

b.) Jaring-jaring Makanan: adalah pristiwa makan daan dimakan, akan tetapi hewan tidak hanya memakan salah satu jenis makanan saja, atau dapat dikatakan sebagai rantai makanan yang saling berhubungn satu sama lain.

c.) Piramida Makanan: adalah suatu keadaan dimana dalam suatu ekosistem, jumlah produsen lebih banyakdari jumlah konsuman. Dalam suatu rantai makanan, setiap mahlu kidup menempati suatu tingkatan tertentu.

Tingkat pertama ditempati oleh produsen, tingkat kedua ditempati oleh herbivora, dan tingkat ke tiga di tempati oleh karnivora dan seterusnya.

Pada suatu ekosistem yang seimbang, msks jumlah produsen lebih banyak dari konsumen tingkat 1, konsumen tingkat 1 lebih banyak dari konsumen tingkat 2, demikian seterusnya sehingga dapat di gambarkan sebagai sebuah piramida.

Interaksi dalm mahluk hidup selain di gambarkan dengan rantai makanan, jaring-jaring makanan, dan piramida makanan juga di gambarkan dalam hubungn simbiosis.

Simbiosis adalah, hubungn antar mahluk hidup yang berbeda jenis. Simbiosis di bedakan atas, mutualisme, komensalisme, dan paresitisme.

a.) Mutualisme: adalah hubungan dua mahluk hidup yang dimana keduanya mendapatkan keuntungan. Cotoh: burung jalak dan kerbau. Karena burung jalak mendapat makananya berupa kutu dan parasit yang ada di tubuh kerbau, dan kerbau mendapat pembersihan kutu dan parasit oleh burung jalak.

b.) Komensalisme: adalah hubungn dua mahluk hidup, dimana salah satu mendapatkan keuntungan namun juga tidak dirugikan. Sebagai contoh: ikan badut dengan anemon. Ikan badut mendapatkan rumah dari anemon, dan anemon tidak mendapatkan untung dengn adanya ikan badut.

c.) Parasitisme: adalah hubungan dua mahluk hidup, dimana salah satu mendapatkan keuntungn, dan yang lain dirugikan. Contoh: benalu yang menempel pada pohon mangga. Benalu menempel dan menyerap sari-sari makanan pohon mangga.

Cerpen - Surat Terakhir Dari Kak Rosa

Malam itu,aku memasuki rumah dengan perlahan lahan. Kuperhatikan satpam rumahku terlelap ditempatnya. “hahhh,amaan,”pikirku dalam hati. Tetapi baru selangkah memasuki ruang tamu,teriakan mama sudah terdengar ditelingaku. “Niaaaaaaaa…! Jam sepuluh kamu baru pulang. Kemana aja kamu?” teriak mamaku. “mmmm,anu.. Aku habis kerja kelompok dirumah temen ma,” jawabku berbohong. “Kamu ini..! Udah pinter bohong sekarang ya.. Nih apaan!?” kata mama sambil mengangkat kantung plastik belanjaanku. “Duh! Bego banget. Kenapa gak sadar ya aku megang kantung belanjaan nih”ujarku dalam hati. “Niaaaa.. Kamu ini udah pulangnya malem,terus udah berani bohong sama mama. Tiru tuh kakakmu, Rosa. Gak pernah bohong. Terus malam malam gak keluyuran kayak kamu. Malam malam dia belajar pelajaran buat besok pagi.” Kata mamaku panjang lebar. Huh! Lagi lagi kak Rosa. Selalu kak Rosa. Kak Rosa adalah kakakku satu satunya. Kak Rosa memang beda denganku. Kak Rossa pendiam dan pintar. Sedangkan aku cerewet dan gak ada pinter pinternya. Kadang aku berfikir aku bukanlah anak kandung mamaku yang seorang single parent.

               “Sekarang kamu masuk ke kamar. Mulai besok, pulang sekolah harus langsung pulang. Gak boleh keluyuran kemana mana lagi!” kata mama untuk sekian kalinya. Beliau sepertinya sangat marah denganku. Aku memasuki kamarku dengan langkah gontai. Akh..! Coba aja aku anak tunggal dan gak punya kakak seperti kak Rosa!

               Keesokan harinya aku pergi ke sekolah dengan buru buru. Cepat cepat aku turun ke bawah dan duduk di meja sarapan bersama mamaku. Tak kulihat kak Rosa disana. “Ma,kak Rosa mana?”tanyaku ingin tahu. “Kak Rosa udah berangkat duluan. Mangkanya,biasain kamu bangun pagi pagi seperti kak Rosa,jadinya gak telat kayak gini”ujar mamaku yang lagi lagi membandingkan aku dengan kak Rosa. Tak kugubris perkataan mamaku karena saat ini yang kupikirkan adalah cepat cepat ke sekolah supaya gak telat nyampenya.

               “Hh..hh.. Nyaris aja gue telat.” Kataku dengan napas tersengal sengal. “Woy, Nia my honey.. Telat mulu’ lo!” ujar Dista teman sebangkuku. “Udah deh,jangan bikin gue tambah kesel!” ujarku. “Kesel kenapa say?Gara gara kakak lo?”Tanya Dista. “Siapa lagi”, sahutku datar. Dista hanya geleng geleng kepala dan langsung mengeluarkan buku pelajaran Fisika karena pak Ahmad sudah ada didepan pintu. Pelajaran Fisika pun berlangsung dengan rasa kantuk mendengar ocehan dari pak Ahmad.

               “Cepetan Nia. Entar obral baju didepan stasiun udah keburu abis..”, teriak Dista. Buset deh suara tuh anak kenceng banget sampe kedengeran dari kantor guru. “Iya, iya. Lagian salah Bu Mianya nih, ngehukum nyuruh gue nulis 2 lembar rumus mtk”, kataku ngedumel. Kulihat reaksi Dista hanya diam. “Woi,lo kerasukan ya? Bengong aja,jadi pergi gak?”, kataku. “mmmm,kayaknya gak bisa deh Nia,tuh kakak lo udah jemput di gerbang sekolah”ujar Dista. What?! My sister ngejemput gue? Tumben banget. Paling dia Cuma nyari muka didepan mama sok sok mau ngejemputku. Kuhampiri kak Rosa yang berada didalam mobil bersama sopir keluarga kami. “Ngapain kakak ngejemput aku?Aku gak minta dijemput!” ujarku dingin. “Kakak sekali sekali pengen jemput adik kakak yang manis ini”, kata kak Rosa. “Udah deh,kakak gak usah sok manis didepanku. Kakak Cuma nyari muka aja kan didepan mama dengan sok sok jemput aku!”, kataku dengan nada yang tidak enak didengar. “Nggak Nia,kakak sama sekali gak…” omongan kak Rosa langsung kupotong “udahlah! Aku gak butuh penjelasan kakak.” Kataku sambil berlari meninggalkan kak Rosa. Sekilas kulihat mata kak Rosa berkaca kaca. “Alah,paling cuma akting”, gumamku. Kini aku hanya berlari gak tau tujuanku mau kemana. Yang jelas ketempat yang lebih tenang.

               Aku baru pulang kerumah setelah jam menunjukkan pukul 20.12 malam. Kubuka pintu rumahku, dan terlihatlah mama sudah berdiri didepan pintu bersama kak Rosa. Aku sudah pasrah bakal dimarahin mama habis habisan. “Niaaa..Lagi lagi kamu bikin onar. Terus ngapain lagi tadi siang pake acara bentak bentak kakakmu?”, kata mama penuh emosi. “Oh,jadi dia ngadu ngadu ke mama? Terus dia bilang apa lagi tentang aku?”,kataku tak kalah emosi. “Nia,kakak gak bilang ke mama tentang kejadian tadi siang”,kata kak Rosa dengan mata berkaca kaca. “Udah deh,kakak gak usah sok nangis nangis segala. Kakak tu jahat! Kakak slalu ngerebut perhatian mama dariku! Mending kakak gak udah ada didunia ini. Aku benci sama kakak!,” teriakku dengan air mata yang sudah membanjiri pipiku. Kemudian Plakk! Mama menampar pipiku. “Nia,bukan kak Rosa yang bilang ke mama.Tapi pak Salman yang bicara langsung dengan mama. Kamu gak pantas ngomong begitu! Dia itu kakak kandung kamu sendiri! Kamu memang beda dengan kakakmu!”, kata mamaku yang sama sekali gak ngerasa bersalah setelah menamparku. “Udah ma,ini bukan salah Nia,”ujar kak Rosa. “Ya,aku memang beda dengan kak Rosa. Kak Rosa seribu kali lipat lebih baik dibanding aku. Atau jangan jangan aku bukan anak kandung mama dan adik kandung kak Rosa. Dia selalu aja menyita perhatian mama. Di mata mama aku slalu salah. Aku benci dengan kalian semua!” ujarku sambil berlari meninggalkan mereka. Hatiku pedih dan remuk. Mengingat mama menamparku,mengingat kak Rosa penyebab semua ini.Aku terus berlari sampai aku menangkap sebuah cahaya didepanku dan aku terdorong ke depan menabrak pohon besar didepanku. Bruuuk! Suara tabrakan yang keras,belum sempat melihat siapa yang tertabrak,aku sudah tak sadarkan diri.

               Mataku terasa berat sekali. Saat benar benar sadar aku sudah berada dirumah sakit dengan mama duduk sambil menangis disamping ranjang. “Ma,apa yang terjadi?” kataku pelan. “Kemarin ma…lam sa..at kejadian itu kakakmu me..ninggal tertab…rak mobil demi nye..lamatin ka..mu sayang,” kata mama sesegukan. Apa?! Kak Rosa meninggal? Itulah harapan yang kuinginkan sejak dulu. Hidup tanpa kehadiran kak Rosa. Entah harusnya aku senang atau sedih. Tapi jauh didalam hatiku aku merasakan pilu dan sedih yang luar biasa. Tanpa sadar aku menangis. Ya Allah, apakah aku begitu kejam membenci kakakku yang meninggal gara gara menyelamatkan aku? Apakah aku menyesal menyalahkan kakakku yang tak pernah menyalahkan aku? “Ma..mama bohong kan? kak Rosa gak meninggalkan kan?” kataku dengan air mata yang semakin deras. “Benar sayang.. Kak Rosa udah meninggal karena luka yang terlalu parah. Besok hari pemakamannya. Ini ada surat dari kak Rosa sebelum dia meninggal.” Ujar mama sembari memberikan sepucuk surat kepadaku. Kubaca perlahan lahan baris tiap baris surat itu.

Dear Sania adik kakak yang kakak sayangi,

Nia,kakak tau kamu marah sama kakak,kamu benci sama kakak. Kakak juga tau selama ini kamu sedih slalu dibanding banding dengan kakak. Tapi kakak gak bermaksud begitu terhadap kamu Nia. Kakak sangat sayang sama Nia dan maaf apabila kakak udah nyakitin hati kamu. Kakak juga minta maaf krn gak bisa jadi kakak yang terbaik buat kamu. Dan apabila ini surat terakhir kakak untukmu,tolong jangan pernah marah dengan kakak lagi. Kakak ingin kamu slalu tersenyum. Dan jika kakak udah gak ada lagi,tolong jaga mama baik baik dan jangan kecewain mama. Sesungguhnya mama dan kakak sangat menyayangimu Nia.

Kak Rosa

Hatiku miris membaca surat terakhir dari kak Rosa. Kakak yang selama ini kubenci, kakak yang selama ini aku hiraukan ternyata sama sekali tak pernah benci terhadap sikapku. Kulihat tulisan tangan yang dibuat kak Rosa berantakan. Pasti saat itu dia sedang menahan sakit menulis surat ini. Kemudian aku menangis dipelukan mama.

Hatiku miris melihat kakakku dikubur didalam tanah. Tak bisa kutahan air mata yang sejak tadi membendung dikelopak mataku. Mama menangis sejadi jadinya. Aku sangat menyesal telah membenci kakakku satu satunya. Sekarang tinggal aku sendiri di tempat peristirahatan terakhir kakak. Kurogoh sakuku dan kukeluarkan sepucuk surat yang kutulis,

Dear kak Rosa yang kusayangi,

Kak, Nia mau minta maaf sama kakak. Harusnya Nia minta maaf dari dulu, tapi Nia baru sadar bahwa kakak adalah kakak yang Nia sayangi satu satunya. Kakak gak perlu minta maaf ke Nia karena kakak gak salah. Nialah yang salah sejak awal. Nia selalu benci dengan kakak, padahal kakak gak pernah benci sama Nia. Nia gak tau kalo kakak menanggung beban seberat ini gara gara Nia slalu bentak bentak kakak. Kakak adalah kakak yang terbaik bagi Nia. Kakak gak pernah marah waktu Nia marah marah sama kakak, Nia memang adik yang gak tau diri. Tapi Nia janji slalu ingat pesan kakak buat jagain mama. Semoga kakak mau maafin Nia dan kakak tenang disana..

Nia

Kuletakan surat dariku untuk kak Rosa diatas tanah kuburan. Lalu kuhapus air mata yang membanjiri pipiku dan pergi meninggalkan pemakaman dengan hati yang begitu miris.

Cara Membuat robot sederhana dengan dinamo tamiya Tampa Program

Kali ini saya share cara bikin robot tanpa program, dengan biaya yang murah meriah.. alat2 nya pun gampang di dapet... he... Langsung ajha siapin yak alat-alatnya :

a.     Tempat Battre ukuran 2 battre 1 buah, bisa dibeli di toko komponen,, kalo saya beli di toko sinar baru jalan serayu tegal (hahaha) dengan harga Rp. 1000 b.       Micro Switch 2 buah, bisa dibeli di toko juga dengan harga Rp. 1500 (2 buah Rp. 3000)
c.       Klip kertas secukupnya
d.       Konektor terminal kabel (gak usah gapapa)
e.       Dinamo tamiya 2 buah,
f.      Battre 2 buah ( abc atau lainnya :D)

g. Lem power (bisa juga lem alteco atau lem castol)

Oke.oke. Dah lengkap? yuk mule...

1. Langkah pertama:

Letakan kedua micro Switch di atas tempat battre, kemudian dilem menggunakan lem power (1). Setelah itu kaki micro Switch paling atas kedua-duanya saling menyentuh kemudian kita solder (a), berikutnya kaki tengah kedua-duanya kita sambung dengan kawat lalu di solder (b) tempelkan kedua dinamo pada samping tempat battre menggunakan lem power atau lem bakar, menempelkannya agak miring (c). Lihat gambar dibawah ini:

2. Langkah kedua:

Hubungkan kaki paling bawah micro Switch kiri dengan kaki dinamo bagian kiri, begitu juga dengan bagian kanan dengan menggunakan kawat lalu disolder (a). Setelah itu hubungkan kaki dinamo bagian kiri dengan kaki dinamo bagian kanan menggunakan kabel (b). Lihat gambar dibawah ini:

3. Langkah ketiga:

Sambungkan kabel dari dinamo kebagian belakang tempat battre dengan cara di solder, jangan terlalu lama menyoldernya karena akan mengakibatkan plastik tempat battre meleleh, lakukan dengan cepat (a). Setelah itu sambungkan kabel merah tempat battre ke kaki atas SPDT Switch dan kabel hitam tempat battre ke kaki tengah micro Switch dengan cara di solder (b). Lihat gambar:

4. Langkah keempat:
Buat roda bagian belakang dengan menggunakan klip caranya klip diluruskan kemudian dilipat menggunakan tang dan masukan klip tersebut kedalam lubang butiran kemudian tempelkan dibagian belakang tempat battre dengan menggunakan lem. Lihat gambar:

5. Langkah ke lima:

Buat antena dengan menggunakan klip kertas, caranya klip tersebut kita luruskan dengan tang, setelah lurus kita lengkungkan perlahan-lahan. Setelah itu kita masukan klip yang sudah dilengkungkan kedalam konektor terminal jepit dengan tang agar kencang (a) lalu masukan kedalam besi micro Switch (b) Lihat gambar! Bisa juga tidak memakai konektor terminal langsung di lem klip kertasnya ke micro switch menggunakan lem power.

6. Langkah ke enam:

Buat badan robot dengan menggunakan tutup botol plastik, bisa di cat tutup botol plastik tersebut sesuai dengan warnanya (misalkan kumbang). Lihat gambar:

DATA KU

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Cerpen - Surat Terakhir Dari Kak Rosa

Cara Membuat robot sederhana dengan dinamo tamiya Tampa Program

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